Rosa Parks :: essays research papers

Racism and prejudice has been a problem in the United States for along time. Poeple have been denied human rights such as getting a fair trial, eating in resturants, or sitting in what ever seat they want in a public bus. In 1955 a woman named Rosa Parks took a stand on a public bus in Montgomery Alabama. She refused to give her seat to a white man and was arrested for not doing so. She was scared of the discrimination of the Jim Crow laws. Jim Crow laws were laws were intended to keep blacks from mixing with whites. IN the Jim Crow laws blacks were required to give thier seats to whites if there were no more seats. This is what happened to Rosa parks on December 1 1955. On her way home from work she refused to give her seat to a white man and got arrested. Even though she knew what the consequences were, she decided to take a stand. She knew that she would be arrested, but she decided that she would try to make a change. Rosa Parks stand was so significant that she is called t he mother of the civil rights movement. Her arrest made everyone boycott public busses. Led by Martin Luther King for 381 days blacks carpooled, walked, or found other ways of getting around. Despite the harassment the boycott continued and was extremely successful. The bus company suffered from the loss of fares, but did not desegregate its busses. In 1965, the case was brought to court, and segregation of busses was ruled unconstitutional, the busses were officially desegregated on December 21, 1956. The movement Rosa Parks started caused the Civil Rights act of 1964 to be passed and the Voting Rights act of 1965. She was elected secretary of the Montgomery branch of the National Advancement of

Compare How Cultural Differences and Foreign Business Environments Affect Multinational Corporations

M2-Compare how cultural differences and foreign business environments affect multinational corporations In this report I will be stating the differences of how Tesco function in South Korea compared to how they function in the United Kingdom. Tesco have to adapt to the local culture, traditions and tastes and have to recreate an environment in which shoppers will feel at home. Tesco’s local adaption strategy in South Korea involves selling products and services based not on the UK experience, but on Korean customer demand.Tesco in South Korea provides live octopus, pet iguanas, fish chopped up alive sushi-style, and dental services as a way of their adaption strategy to appeal to South Korean’s culture. Hofstede’s Uncertainty Avoidance (UA) theory, states deals with the degree to which members of a particular society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty. The theory relates to the fact that the future can never be known. Countries that exhibit strong UA , such as S outh Korea, maintain strict codes of belief and behaviour. They are intolerant of unorthodox ideas.By adopting the approach Tesco have chosen, they are allowing for a society such as South Korea’s to be more welcoming to the arrival of the company, which in turn invites a greater scope of custom. Tesco was helped in developing this approach by entering the market through a joint venture with Samsung, a powerful brand name in its own right and one of the leading conglomerates in South Korea. This will help build the recognition for Tesco in South Korea and build a relationship with new customers. As per the Hofstede theory referred to earlier, Samsung represents safety and security within the South Korean market.Therefore, UA is likely to be severely reduced when partnered with such an established brand within the target community. The localised approach means a lot more fresh food than in the UK to recreate a market atmosphere, as well as fast food outlets, coffee shops and t oddler play areas. However, the Tesco home stores in South Korea have been located as ‘culture centres’ where mothers and customers can take classes; learn new skills and have access to the internet cafe. This is because Tesco are aware that the majority of South Korean mothers prefer to look after their children rather than work.Having this available will attract more customers and help be more suitable for South Korean customers. Overall the Tesco in South Korea’s aim is to create value to build and retain store feminism and collectivism. Tesco in South Korea generally sell products that will appeal to South Korean customers, which will include branded products and live animals including fish and octopus. As South Koreans are recognised as not having a great deal of time to shop due to heavy workloads, they employ a scan system.This allows customers to scan products off posters on their phones, so they can get the products delivered to them by the time they are home from work. The posters mainly appear in train stations, as this will get the most usage via people travelling to and from work. Tesco use many strategies to adapt to the culture they are working in, which will encourage more customers to shop from their and beat their local competitors. However, Tesco in the UK provide many different products to appeal to different ethnicities and cultures including their own branded food.Tesco operates differently in both South Korea and the UK as both countries are very different. However they have the same aim, which is to create value, to build loyalty among their customers. Tesco in South Korea has a very different infrastructure compared with the UK, as in South Korea they offer the scan system. This is very different to the UK because they have many Tesco supermarkets; many being 24 hours where customers can go to buy their products. They do also offer online shopping, where they can place their order online and get it delivered.Also in the UK they have self-scanner which has become very popular and other big branded supermarkets are now using. This is where customers scan their products and make the payment by themselves. To conclude, after conducting research on how Tesco functions in both South Korea and the UK, there are many more differences than similarities. Due to the different cultures, Tesco have to adapt their shop to reach the needs of the customer, so their strategies are very different in each country. Tesco is a successful company and due to the changes they make to adapt to different cultures it has made them a well-known international brand.D2-Evaluate the impact of cultural differences on international business performance in the market In this report I will be evaluating the impact of cultural differences on international business performance in the market. This includes evaluating the strategies Tesco use in both South Korea and the UK, which are very different. If Tesco did not adapt their str ategies in different countries they wouldn’t fit in with their cultures, therefore people will be less likely to shop there. Tesco need to provide certain foods that will appeal to the country they are in.For example, Tesco in South Korea have branded products, and a lot of meat including octopus and sushi-like fish. Tesco in the UK provide products for wide range of cultures and offer many branded foods including Tesco’s own. If Tesco did not adapt to different cultures they could lose out on business and potential customers might go to their local competitors. This may also give Tesco a bad reputation for their supermarket, and their recognition as a company could be negative. Going into a new market can be difficult due to the local competitors and getting people to change where they currently shop.If Tesco did not come up with such unique ideas in South Korea, they wouldn’t get the customers they do today, and they would struggle to make enough money to keep a Tesco running there. However, due to such unique ideas that local competitors do not offer, they are a very well-known international brand. In the UK Tesco have three other main supermarkets that they have to compete with; Asda, Morrison’s, and Sainsbury’s. Surrounded by such strong competitors, Tesco are always thinking of new strategies to gain more recognition and greater market share than their rivals.Tesco offer a Clubcard; which is where customers can collect points from the products they purchase. These Clubcard points will allow customers to get money off future shops, and receive vouchers after saving up a certain amount. In South Korea Tesco have established their way of life and learnt to adapt their strategies to appeal in South Korea. Tesco have had to undertake much research, in order to find out more about South Korea. It is regarded as the second hardest working country in the world, which means that many people do not have time to go food shopping.T esco have thought of a solution which is for customers to shop at Tesco, and get their food delivered to them. If Tesco did not offer such a unique strategy it would be hard to get people to change where they get their food from. However, this appeals to many people in South Korea, and therefore Tesco have become a very successful company. In South Korea, Tesco has defined research to establish that mothers prefer to look after their children rather than working, and so they have adapted their Tesco to ‘culture centres’, which gives the opportunity for mothers to bring their children in-store, and have access to the internet cafe.They also have the opportunity to take classes and learn new skills. This strategy shows the quality of how well Tesco have learnt to adapt to different cultures, as they know most of their customers will be mothers, thus giving more appeal to the target audience. Time would suggest that the business model adopted by Tesco, has been largely suc cessful. The first Tesco store in South Korea opened in 1999, and they have since gone on to open a further 457, with 59 opened in 2011/12 alone. They are presently the second largest retailer in all of South Korea, just behind the Shinsegae Group.These figures point to a highly successful campaign in Asia; proving that they were right to undertake a project based on reducing UA. (ref Wikipedia) Over the years, many different companies have been unsuccessful in trying to launch their various brands in certain countries. Most of these failures have been the result of poor product naming, but they still give an insight into the importance of research, and implementing strategies that conform with normal ways of life in those countries. For example, American Motors tried to market its car, the â€Å"Matador,† in Puerto Rico based on an image of strength and courage.However, in Puerto Rico the word, literally translated, means â€Å"killer. † The inappropriate name is link ed to the car’s lack of popularity because of the many hazardous roads in the country, and the correlation with death made by consumers. (ref www. worldpress. com) To conclude, after evaluating the strategies Tesco produce in both South Korea and the UK, it is clear that Tesco are an adaptable business that can appeal to different cultures. Without changing their strategies they wouldn’t be such a successful well-known international brand.

Self Efficacy, Self Esteem, And Social Wellness Essay

Suicide, the reason what teens use to get away from life, caused by depression and other mental health problems. Unhealthy minds and healthy minds will tell you how unclear thoughts affects someone. This brings down the self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-confidence. There are three steps to prevent suicide, which might decrease the risk of suicide from happening. This might give you a clear idea to help prevent a friend, family member, or anyone from committing suicide. Self-Efficacy Many of us had been though a couple of rough times and some pretty amazing ones as well. Difficult times for most people can take away their energy, taken away emotions, and break a person’s spirit. The good times on the other hand can lift someone’s spirit up, boost their self-esteem, and show signs of our capability. This is called self-efficacy, it connects with four of the 6 dimensions of health mental, emotional, spiritual, and social wellness. These effects tell people to feel good about themselves, help them control their social anxiety, and maintain a positive lookout on life. Healthy vs Unhealthy People with an unhealthy mental mind can be extremely dangerous, or just plain terrible, they would respond with an irrational response. Whereas, healthy people respond with a more positive, a better outlook on life. A healthy mind has a good attitude, value, beliefs, and can reason with other people. Unhealthy people with unhealthy minds cannot do things like that. They either haveShow MoreRelatedA Theory That Individuals Can Live With Better Health1280 Words   |  6 Pageswhat can lead to a better quality of life with higher satisfaction and health because it contains compatibility of actual and desired occupation patterns based on an individual’s environment. The model recognizes that people have different physical, social, and cultural needs and that they can vary over time. The balance is the result of the extent people engage in these different essentials consistently (Matuska Christiansen, 2008). The model offers variability of satisfying the peo ple’s needs byRead MoreThe Injuries Of The Wounded Worrier Program1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdeal are PTSD, stress, depression, physical limitations that can lead to even suicidal tendencies. The wounded worrier program has many programs that can help military personal to work with these difficulties. One of them is the physical health and wellness that is designed â€Å"to reduced stress, combat depression and promote an overall healthy and active life style.† (Wounded Warrior Program 2014) The program works with these warriors in trying to get them involved with sports that â€Å"†¦allow [the] warriorsRead MoreTechnical And Business Of Entrepreneurship869 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Technical and Business Undergraduates‟ Self-Efficacy in Entrepreneurship This paper investigated how particular and business student see their ability to adjust, perform and be viable in big business. Past investigation revelations suggest that entrepreneurial objectives and exercises are impacted by individuals self-respect or self-efficacy identifying with the confidence and saw competency in business issues. Seen wellness much of the time implies data, capacities and conduct, which are consideredRead MoreDrug Addiction And Maintaining Sobriety1041 Words   |  5 Pagespart of the solution is to find a way to help the recoverees feel accomplished and improve their self-esteem. Our group has decided that in order to do this an app would be an ideal vehicle for this information. The app will include an explanation of neurobiological changes that occur following drug abuse, a game to facilitate learning, a discussion forum, a trauma acceptance feature, a health and wellness feature, and a daily check-in. 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The No Excuses Approach favors charter schools with heavy discipline, and evaluating teachers based upon their student’s test scores while the Broader, Bolder approach prefers surrounding students with a multitude of service to create a whole wellness of person as well as provide education. There have been a few objective analysts who have studied the approaches who have come to the conclusion that â€Å"while each could benefit from a little dose of the other, those kids without a lifeline to eitherRead MoreHealth / Wellness And Illness1551 Words   |  7 PagesHealth and wellness is a state of well-being when an individual is completely capable physically, psychologically, and socially. Everyone has a different view of what healthy means due to their age, gender, race, beliefs, and the environ ment they live in. Comparing Health/Wellness and Illness/Disease When comparing health and wellness to disease and illness there are various differences and some similarities. Illness and disease is when a person cannot partially or completely function mentally,Read MoreAgency Report : Kw Senior S Day Program1283 Words   |  6 PagesSeniors Day Program facility to participate and take pleasure in different activities such as arts and crafts, games, music, nutritional meals, and special events. Their goal is to promote wellness and to enable our seniors with physical, cognitive and mental health challenges maintain their self-respect and self-worth through the provision of activities, socialization, nutrition and quality care. MAJOR PROGRAMS AND SERVICES The program was designed for seniors residing within Kitchener-Waterloo

Benefits Of Effective Protection Measures For Small Business

Every business from small to big the information security has become a risk factor which has put all business in a verse of serous risk. On this paper we will be more focused general explanation of the business need for information security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, and authorization. This policy, which is listed in paper, can be mitigating denial of service (DOS), which can lead several losses in small business. Finally costs and benefits of effective protection measure which provides a protection measures for small business. A business trend has been changing and adapting new technology to enhance the business success but also this new technology put public information in a high risk. According to the video there are some 26 million small businesses which attention to the dangers of cyber crime. The private personal information (PPI) such as electronic commerce social security number, account number, User Ids, Payroll, Internet Transactions, passport number, employee databases home address, credit card, etc. are in risk. The information security should meet many purposes such as protecting people information, unauthorized access, disclosure, and any kind of modification. Moreover, information security also provides defines the company consensus baseline stance on security; help minimize risk; and help track compliance with regulations and legislation (Diver, 2006). According to Chris Duckett more than 65% of transactionShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of An Effective Protection Measure Essential For Small Busi ness Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesEvery business from small to big, the information security has become a risk factor which has put all business on the verse of serious risk. In this paper, we will be more focused on general explanations of the business need for information security, confidentiality, integrity, availability, non-repudiation, authentication, and authorization. This policy, which is listed on paper, can be mitigating denial of service (DOS), which can lead several losses in small business. Finally, costs and benefitsRead MoreEassy1154 Words   |  5 PagesCatholic Institute of Business and Technology | ELECTRONIC-COMMENCE ASSIGNMENT | What are the major limitations on the growth of e-commence? Which is potentially the toughest to overcome? Discuss why new and improved security measures are not enough to stop online crime? What is the missing ingredient? How have the unique features of Electronic Commence technology changed industry structure in the travel business? | 11/21/2011 11/21/2011 What are the major limitations on the growthRead MoreEPA Policies Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironmental protection agency has been stepping up its mandate of ensuring safer and better environment for not only the business operators, buts also the society as a whole. In order to achieve this goal of environmental protection, there has been the creation of environmental protection agency that has ensured that all the businesses, irrespective of their size and type, strive to ensure that the environment is protected for the benefit of current and future generations. The regulatory measures targetRead MoreGovernment s Trade Protection As A Basic Economic And Trade Policy1383 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Trade protection is a basic economic and trade policy which is based on national benefits, domestic firms and economic situation. Trade protection is designed to protect domestic firms and limit other countries’ business development in all over the world. Trade protections’ measures are set up to enhance own nation’s economic and to prevent other nations’ economical aggression. Although there is always free trade during international trade, which makes the biggest benefits of free tradeRead MoreInformation Security Plan Survey Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagessupports the organization’s goals and objectives), breadth and coverage of the information security program (people, processes, technologies), any known or previously uncovered program deficiencies or implementation issues, and any stated costs and benefits of the program. Choose one of the organizations listed in  Table 1, review the pertinent documents, and then prepare a three- to five-page narrative summarizing your analysis of the organization’s information security program. 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Global normative convergence and the proverbial â€Å"leveling

Sir Gawain And The Green Knight - 967 Words

Mengru Zhou Mrs. Speer English 4 Period J 1 Oct 2015 Chivalry In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is considered not only a most brilliant example of Middle English poetry but one of the jewels in the crown English Literatures, and sits in the British Library under conditions of high security and controlled humidity. In the anonymously written story, Sir Gawain And The Green Knight shows Sir Gawain’s chivalry form his loyalty to his King, being testing by Green Knight, and his behavior during game playing. The first chivalric expression of Sir Gawain in Arthur’s court is his loyalty. It was Christmas at Camelot-King Arthur’s court, where all the Round Table knights had gathered. An uninvited guest appeared-entirely emerald green, called Green Knight. For a knight, the most important is to remain loyal to God, King, and Lady Guinevere. When Green Knight challenge the court, Arthur initially was going to accept his challenge, but Sir Gawain stepped forth and said: â€Å" sh ould you call me, courteous Lord.† â€Å" to rise from my seat and stand out your side, politely take leave of my place at the table and quit without casuing off once to my queen, then I shall come to your counsel before this great court.† [1] accept Green Knight’s challenge, which can consider as a mark of his loyalty. And this is particularly significant for Sir Gawain because he is not the best knight to King Arthur, but he is closest to King Arthur. For a knight, the mostShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight1359 Words   |  6 PagesIn the poem â€Å"Sir Gawain and The Green Knight,† a protagonist emerges depicting an Arthurian knight named Sir Gawain. Sir Gawain, King Arthur’s nephew, takes initiative by accepting the challenge requested by the Green Knight in place of his uncle. He undergoes a perilous adventure, seeking for the Green Knight to receive the final blow. Although Sir Gawain is not viewed as a hero for his military acc omplishments, he is, however, viewed as a heroic figure by the Knights at the Round Table for hisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight862 Words   |  4 PagesIn Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, by an unknown author referred to as the â€Å"Pearl Poet,† we are introduced to Sir Gawain. Gawain is a knight of the Round Table and he is also the nephew of King Arthur. As a knight, Gawain is expected to possess and abide by many chivalrous facets. Throughout the poem he portrays many of the qualities a knight should possess, such as bravery, courtesy, and honor among others. Because of his ability to possess these virtues even when tempted to stray away from themRead MoreSir Gawain and the Green Knight1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe poem of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight compares a super natural creature to nature. The mystery of the poem is ironic to the anonymous author. The story dates back into the fourteenth century, but no one knows who originally wrote the poem. This unknown author explains in the poem of Sir Gawain not knowing of the location of the Green Chapel and or who the Green Knight really is. This keeps the reader entertained with the suspicion of not knowing. The author then does not give his name orRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight contains ambiguity and irony that make it interesting to read and teach. Gawain’s conflict arose when he accepted the girdle that could protect him and when he lied to his host, severing fellowship with the lord for courtesy with the lady. By utilizing a social reconstructionist philosophy of teaching that emphasizes personal beliefs and ethics, a teacher will help the students establish their identities and learn to appreciate classic literature. Sir Gawain and theRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1514 Words   |  7 PagesSir Gawain and the Green Knight is an epic poem written in the mid to late fourteenth century by an u nknown author. Throughout the tale, Sir Gawain, a Knight at the Round Table in Camelot, is presented with many hardships, the first being a challenge on Christmas by a man in which, â€Å"Everything about him was an elegant green† (161). This â€Å"Green Knight† challenged someone in Camelot to accept his game which they will chop off his head with his axe and the Green Knight will do the same to the playerRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1335 Words   |  6 PagesSir Gawain: The Ironic Knight Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale of the utmost irony in which Sir Gawain, the most loyal and courteous of all of King Arthur’s knights, fails utterly to be loyal and courteous to his king, his host, his vows, and his God. In each case, Sir Gawain not only fails to perform well, but performs particularly poorly, especially in the case of his relationship with God. Ultimately, Sir Gawain chooses magic over faith, and by doing so, shows his ironic nature as aRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight906 Words   |  4 Pagesusually the latter. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight we see Sir Bertilak go off to hunt three very specific animals as a game with Sir Gawain. They agree that â€Å"what ever [Bertilak catches] in the wood shall become [Sir Gawain’s], and what ever mishap comes [Sir Gawain’s] way will be given to [Bertilak] in exchange.† (Sir Gawain†¦, ln 1105-1007). In this deal we slowly see Gawain loose his honor as paralleled with Sir B ertilak’s hunt. The first animal that is hunted by the knight is a deer, while thisRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesFall 16 Donnelly Many years ago, knights were expected to form a certain type of relationship with their king, this relationship was otherwise known as fealty. Fealty is a knight’s sworn loyalty to their king (in other words a loyal relationship should be formed between the two). The use of this relationship is shown in the poem called â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† ( the author is unknown). This poem has a classic quest type of formula, with a knight receiving a challenge and then going outRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1455 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, for Gawain in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight temptation existed around every corner while he was playing the game of the Green Knight. Temptation existed every day and each day it existed in a new way. Gawain never knew what was coming his way throughout the grand scheme of the game, but one thing was for certain he was being tested. Without his reliance religious faith and dedication to his reputation, Gawain wo uld not have been able to make it through the game of the Green Knight alive andRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Sir Gawain, from â€Å"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight† translated by Marie Borroff, and Beowulf, from Beowulf translated by Burton Raffel, serve as heroes in different times of Medieval English Literature. Many of the basic principles that describe heroes in Medieval Literature are seen in both of these characters even though they were written in different times. There are distinct similarities, differences, and also a progression of what the hero was in English literature, between Sir Gawain and

Hk Tax Free Essays

string(29) " chargeable to salaries tax\." Edinburgh Napier University/SCOPE of City U Hong Kong Taxation LECTURE 1: Salaries tax and salaries tax planning, Double taxation arrangement with Mainland China Outline Salaries tax | |- |Scope of charge, format and presentation of salaries tax | |- |Locality of employment | |- |Taxability of fringe benefits | |Salaries tax planning | |- |Remuneration package and fringe benefits | |Double taxation relief | |- |Arrangement between Mainland China and the HKSAR | Textbook – Dora Lee, Advanced Taxation in Hong Kong, 15th edition, 2012, Pearson, Hong Kong, Chapters 2 to 5, 23 24 LECTURE 1: Salaries tax Under s8 of the Inland Revenue Ordinance, salaries tax is charged on every person in respect of his income arising in, or derived from Hong Kong from the following sources: 1) an office 2) employment 3) pension Source of Income from Office The source of income from an office is determined by the location of the office, which is at the place where the central management and control of the company is located. Normally, this means the place where directors hold their meetings. Once it is determined that an office is located in Hong Kong, the whole income from such office is chargeable to salaries tax. You read "Hk Tax" in category "Essay examples" We will write a custom essay sample on Hk Tax or any similar topic only for you Order Now No question of apportionment arises. Source of Income from Pension The source of income from pension is the place where the pension fund is managed. Source of Income from Employment A taxpayer having an employment located in Hong Kong (Hong Kong employment) is chargeable under s8 above. Taxpayers whose employment is not in fact located in Hong Kong (Non-Hong Kong employment) may still be liable to salaries tax if they render services in Hong Kong. The basic charge to salaries tax is specifically extended to include the income of overseas employees working in Hong Kong during visits exceeding 60 days [S8(1A)]. Hong Kong Employment a) No time-apportionment b) All income included despite part of services rendered outside Hong Kong c) Exceptions: i) rendered ALL services outside Hong Kong i) visited Hong Kong for 60 days or less in a year of assessment concerned d) Relief: i) income excluded for income attributable to services rendered in that territory and foreign tax paid ii) tax credit under Double Tax Arrangement with Mainland China and other tax tr eaty countries According to DIPN10, the IRD accepts that employment is located outside Hong Kong where all the following factors are present: a) the contract of employment was negotiated, and entered into, and is enforceable outside Hong Kong; b) the employer is resident outside Hong Kong; c) the employee’s remuneration is paid to him outside Hong Kong. In appropriate cases, the IRD may need to look further facts. Comparison of Hong Kong employment and non-Hong Kong employment: | |Hong Kong employment |Non-Hong Kong employment | |All services rendered in Hong Kong |Taxable in full |Taxable in full | |Services partly rendered in Hong Kong |Taxable in full |Time apportionment | |All services rendered outside Hong Kong |Exempt |Exempt | |Services rendered in Hong Kong for less than 60 days or less | | | |visits in Hong Kong |Exempt |Exempt | |Services rendered in Hong Kong for more than 60 days visits in | | | |Hong Kong |Taxable in full |Time apportionment | |Services rendered in Hong Kong for 60 days or less but presence in| | | |Hong Kong did not constitute visit to Hong Kong | | | | |Taxable in full |Time apportionment | |Services rendered outside Hong Kong with foreign tax paid |Foreign services income | | | |exempt |Not applicable | If a taxpayer with Hong Kong employment is seconded to work overseas with a new non-Hong Kong employment, clear evidence must be shown such that the old empl oyment has been terminated and that a distinctively new employment has commenced. Format of salaries tax computation – Individual |$ |$ |Section | |Income from principal employment | |A |9 | |Less: Allowable outgoings and expenses |B | |12(1)(a) | | Depreciation allowances | C | D |12(1)(b) | | | |E | | |Add: Rental value (10% on E) |F | |9 | | Less: Rent suffered | G | | | |Net rental value | | H | | | | |I | | |Income from other employment | | J | | | | | K | | |Less: Loss brought forward |L | |12(1)(c) | | Self-education expenses | M | N |12(1)(e) | |NET ASSESSABLE INCOME | | O | | |Less: Concessionary deductions | | | | | Approved charitable donations (limited to 35% of K) | P | |26C | | Elderly residential care expenses | Q | |26D | | Home loan interest R | |26E | | Contributions to recognized retirement scheme | S | T |26G | |Net assessable income after concessionary deductions | | U | | |Less: Personal allowances | | V |Part V | |Net chargeable income | | W | | |Salaries tax payable | | | | |Lower of (a) progressive rate on W or | | | | |(b) standard rate on U | | | | | | | | | Format of salaries tax under joint assessment |Husband |Wife |Joint | | |$ |$ |$ | |Net assessable income |X1 |X2 |X | | |== |== | | |Less: Concessionary deductions | | | | | Approved charitable donations (limited to 35% of X) | |P | | | Elderly residential care expenses | |Q | | | Home loan interest | |R | | | Contributions to recognized retirement scheme | |S |T | |Net assessable income after concessionary deductions | | |U | |Less: Personal allowances (married person’s, etc) | | |V | |Net chargeable income | | |W | |Salaries tax payable by the nominated spouse or | |the spouse who would have been liable to pay salaries tax under separate taxation. | | | | | | |100% of salaries tax will be waived, subject to a ceiling of $8,000 (2008/09). | |75% of salaries tax will be waived, subject to a ceiling of $6,000 (2009/10 2010/11) and $12,000 for 201 1/12. | Case law establishes that income from employment: a) includes income for services rendered or to be rendered; b) excludes voluntary receipts for personal reasons; c) excludes compensation for loss of rights Assessable income includes reward for services rendered, past, present and future. If the employer makes a payment to a third party for which the employer itself was solely and primarily liable, then the benefiting employee is not chargeable to tax on such benefit, unless: a) the benefit can be converted into money; or b) the payment was paid for the education of a child of the employee. c) any amount paid in connection with a holiday journey. Considering whether an income is chargeable to salaries tax: a) whether the payment is derived from an employment or office; b) whether the payment is in recognition of services rendered in the past, present or future. In D19/92, The taxpayer was offered and accepted employment by a Hong Kong company. The company paid him a lump sum at the beginning of his employment as an inducement to join the company. The Board held that this payment was incorporated into his contract of employment with the company. The source of the inducement payment was the employment of the taxpayer with the company. It was not a gift. Compensation for loss of employment Generally speaking, compensation for a loss of employment which does not represent a payment for past, present or future services is not chargeable to salaries tax. This is considered as a sum paid in consideration of the surrender by the employee of his/her rights in respect of the employment. Such payments should be distinguished from the termination gratuities which is usually relate to services previously rendered by the employee and hence taxable. The taxable termination gratuities may be related back for a maximum period of 36 months. A sum specified in the contract of employment may be taxed even though it was described as compensation for termination of employment. In CIR v Yung Tze-kwong, the Court has apportioned 10% of the severance pay as the inducement to enter into employment and 90% of the sum was attributable to restrictive covenants, which was not taxable. In Fuchs, Walter Alfred Heinz v CIR, the Taxpayer was entitled to termination payments according to his 3-year contract of employment. The contract of employment was terminated about two years. Under a termination agreement, the Taxpayer received a compensation made up of: †¢ Sum A – equivalent to his salary under the remaining period of his contract (12 months); †¢ Sum B – two annual salaries; and †¢ Sum C – the average of his three previous annual bonuses IRD levied tax on Sum B and C on the basis that they were paid pursuant to his contract of employment and the Taxpayer was contractually entitled to receive them on premature termination. The Court of Appeal held that Sum B and C were assessable because they were not paid in abrogation of the contract of employment but in accordance with the contract of employment. The Court of Final Appeal upheld the decision. Payment in lieu of notice After the decision of Fuchs case, IRD is now of the view that payment made in lieu of notice is an incentive for joining an employment and the payment is made under the terms of employment contract, the amount is chargeable to salaries tax if it accrues to an employee on or after 1 April 2012. EMPLOYEE SHARE-BASED BENEFIT Share Option Benefit Time of assessment At the time of exercise, assignment or release of share option. Taxable Gain Situations |Assessable Amount | |Exercise of option |Market value at the time of taking up the shares over total consideration | |Option assigned/released |Consideration for assignment/release of option less total consideration | Timing of exercise of share option According to the DIPN 38, a taxpayer i s generally considered to have exercised an option when he has taken whatever steps are necessary to convert the offer contained in the option agreement into a contract to purchase the relevant shares Locality of share option benefits The gain is chargeable to Salaries Tax if it comes within the scope of s 8(1)(a), ie if it can correctly be described as â€Å"income arising in or derived from Hong Kong†. If a person had a Hong Kong employment at the time of grant of the right, the income is also regarded as having been derived from Hong Kong. If a right is granted to an employee on an unconditional basis during a year of assessment in which the person renders all services in respect of his employment outside Hong Kong, any gain subsequently realized, even if realized whilst the person is working in Hong Kong will not be charged to Salaries Tax. No liability to salaries tax arises where a right is granted on an unconditional basis prior to a person rendering any services in Hong Kong, notwithstanding that the right may be exercised after the person commences to render such services. Where a person with a non-Hong Kong employment is granted the right subject to a vesting period during which services are rendered both in and outside Hong Kong, the gain should to some extent be chargeable to Salaries Tax based on the following formula: Days spent rendering services Gain calculated in accordance In Hong Kong during vesting periodX with s 9(1)(d) and s 9(4) Total number of days in vesting period Definition of ‘vesting period’: ‘Vesting period’ normally means the period from the date of grant of the option to the first available date that an employee is entitled to exercise the option. An option will generally be considered to have vested when all conditions for its exercise have been satisfied. E. g. an employee required to work for a certain period of time. Share Award Benefit Shares obtained through share-based remuneration schemes are taxable perquisites forming part of a taxpayer’s employment income. When does the perquisite accrue to the employee? Referring to section 11D(b), this means â€Å"entitled to ownership of the shares†. Generally, two approaches in assessing such awards, viz: ‘Upfront’ and ‘Back End’. Summary of the two broad approaches: | |‘Upfront’ approach |‘Back End’ approach | |Vesting period applies? |No. |Yes. | |Time of assessment |Upfront, ie at the time of the grant. |Back end, ie upon fulfillment of conditions. | |Valuation |Market value at time of grant. |Market value at time of fulfillment of | | | |conditions. | |Discount in valuation? |Yes. The discount is to be determined in the |No | | |light of the facts of each particular case. | | |Distributions |Received during the restriction period: Not |Received during the vesting period: Taxable, | |(eg dividends, bonus shares) |taxable; regarded as investment income since |since employee is entitled to the shares only | | |employee is entitled to the shares at the time|at the end of the vesting period. | | |of award | | Example (Extracted from DIPN 38, eg 11) The taxpayer had a non-Hong Kong employment. On 1 May 2005, he was granted 10,000 shares by his employer subject to a vesting period. Shares would only be vested on condition that he remained an employee of his company on the vesting dates. 5,000 shares vested in him on 1 May 2007 and the remaining 5,000 on 1 May 2008. The number of days in Hong Kong and outside Hong Kong was ascertained as follows: | |(A) |(B) |(C) |% | |Year ended |Days in Hong Kong |Days outside Hong Kong |Total days |(A)/(C) | |31. 3. 006 |275 |90 |365 |75 | |31. 3. 2007 |260 |105 |365 |71 | |31. 3. 2008 |250 |116 |366 |68 | |31. 3. 2009 |255 |110 |365 |70 | The assessor and taxpayer agreed that the â€Å"back end† approach is applicable to assess the vested shares. The share-award benefits are assessed as follows: ) the value of the first 5,000 vested shares is to be included with the taxpayer’s other remuneration in the year of assessment 2007/08 and 250/366 of the value is to be subject to tax, while b) the remaining 5,000 vested shares is to be included in the year of assessment 2008/09 and 255/365 of their values is subject to tax. Holiday journey benefits Starting from 1 April 2003, holiday warrant or allowance to purchase holiday warrant will be subject to salaries tax. Section 9(2A)(c) provides that ‘any amount paid by an employer in connection with a holiday journey’ is taxable. The term â€Å"holiday journey† is defined in section 9(6) as either: a) a journey taken for holiday purposes, or b) where a journey is taken for holiday and other purposes, the part of the journey taken for holiday purposes. The amount to be assessed is based on the actual amount paid by the employer, i. e. the actual costs that an employer pays. DIPN 41 Taxation of Holiday Journey Benefits The CIR issued DIPN 41 Taxation of Holiday Journey Benefits in August 2003 to lay down broad statements on the interpretation and practice to be adopted by the Inland Revenue Department in relation to the above amendments. (a) Business trip (including a holiday incidental to such business trip) will not be taxable. (b) If it could be established that a journey is not for holiday, such as for the relocation of an employee and his family – i) in Hong Kong upon assumption of a new post or ii) out of Hong Kong upon termination of an existing post here, the payment made by the employer will not be taxable. For such trips, any stop over visits to another place en route to or from Hong Kong would be disregarded as a concession. c)If an employer was given a certain mileage for a business trip paid by his employer and he redeemed it for a free ticket to a territory for holiday, the value of the free ticket is not assessable as no payment was made by the employer in connection therewith . Rental refund or Cash allowance It is necessary to decide whether a sum is a rental refund and a cash allowance paid by an employer to his employee. A cash allowance is fully taxable as an income from employment. In CIR v Page (2002), to qualify as a refund of rent, there is no requirement for sufficient control, the production of tenancy agreement and/or rental receipt to the employer. However, the taxpayer must prove that the intention of the employer is to refund the rent paid and not to pay an allowance that can be spent in whatever way the employee wishes. For computation of rental value, it is based on a certain percentage on net assessable income (before self-education expense) depending on the nature of accommodation. (Refer to D91/04 regarding the definition of hostel, boarding house hotel). Allowable outgoings and expenses include all outgoings and expenses (other than domestic, private or capital expenditure), wholly, exclusively and necessarily incurred in the production of the assessable income. There is a distinction between expenses incurred ‘in’ the production of the assessable income and expenses ‘for’ the production of the assessable income. The expression ‘in the production of assessable income’ bore the same meaning as ‘incurred in the performance of the duties of the office or employment’ and without such expenses the employee may not be able to earn the income. CIR v Humphrey (1970) 1HKTC451 – traveling expenses incurred by a taxpayer in getting to his place of employment were not allowed (when traveling to his place of work, the taxpayer was not on duty). It is the taxpayer’s responsibility to attend to the place of work. CIR v Robert P Burns (1980) 1HKTC1181 – legal expenses incurred by a taxpayer in an appeal against disqualification was not allowed as the expenses were incurred in order to prevent the taxpayer from being precluded from earning income, not incurred in the production of the income. In D91/03, a solicitor was denied a deduction claim on professional indemnity insurance. The Board held that the amount was incurred so as to put the taxpayer in a position to earn her income and so as to qualify the taxpayer to perform the duties of her office as a solicitor. In D35/04, the taxpayer was required to repay part of the commission to his employer, being bad debt of his client. The repayment was required because he failed to observe the employer’s credit policy. The Board disallowed the sum as it was not incurred for the performance of duties but for deviation from his duties. Home loan interest deduction 1) mortgage loan to acquire dwelling in Hong Kong 2) interest paid to recognized organization 3) prescribed amount 4) claim for ten years In D5/02, a taxpayer held to be entitled to claim deduction of 50% only of he mortgage loan interest paid in respect of the property held by her and her mother as joint tenant although all mortgage payments were financed by her. In D106/00, it was held that only the portion of interest payment for the second bank l oan used to repay the outstanding principal on the first bank loan is allowable. In D2/01, interest paid for the bank loan for the payment of the premium paid to the Housing Authority is not deductible as the premium was not deferred consideration for the acquisition of the dwelling house. In D108/02, it is considered that ‘owner’ does not include beneficial owner. SALARIES TAX PLANNING Common areas of salaries tax planning are source of employment, using statutory exemption and fringe benefit. Territorial source – Employment If the following three factors are present, IRD will normally accept that employment is located outside Hong Kong: 1. the contract of employment was negotiated and entered into, and is enforceable outside Hong Kong; 2. the employer is resident outside Hong Kong; 3. the employee’s remuneration is paid to him outside Hong Kong. a) ensure foreign employment – only income attributable to Hong Kong services is taxable. Ensure all the above three factors are met. b) render all services outside Hong Kong or performed services during visits not exceeding 60 days in the year of assessment. c) dual employment – one covering Hong Kong duties with HK employer and the other covering overseas services with overseas company. Ensure the nature of the employment duties is clearly differentiated. d) dual capacity as a director and an employee – not taxable if no services rendered in respect of the employment. Benefits-in-kind or Fringe Benefits Arranged to provide the following fringe benefits which are not taxable: 1. discharge of employer’s liability which is not guaranteed by any other person 2. benefits which are not convertible into cash 3. benefits which are not attributable to a particular employee Not convertible into cash The employer should not give an asset to an employee free or at a price below market value. Assets should be lent to the employee for use without transfer of ownership. Utilities of Employee’s Home The contracts should be made between the employer and the utilities suppliers for the supply of facilities to the employee’s home. Domestic Servant/driver The servant or driver should be employed by the employer to serve the employee. Low Interest loan or Interest free loan Such a loan provided by the employer is not taxable provided that no other person provides surety to the loan. The benefit must not be convertible into cash by the employee. Club The employer should become a member and allow its employee to enjoy the club’s facilities. Medical and Dental benefits 1. engage a doctor/dentist by the employer 2. join a group medical/dental insurance scheme Quarters 1. reimbursement of rent 2. provision of place of residence Share option Only gain realized by the exercise of share options is taxable. So do not exercise the right unless you derive very little income from that transaction at that time. Comprehensive Double Taxation Arrangement On 21 August 2006, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (â€Å"Hong Kong†) and the Mainland of China (â€Å"Mainland China†) entered into a comprehensive double taxation arrangement known as â€Å"The Arrangement between the Mainland of China and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income† (the â€Å"Arrangement†). Salaries Tax Implications Generally speaking, income from employment by a Mainland resident shall be taxable only in Mainland China unless the employment is exercised in Hong Kong. If the employment is exercised in Hong Kong, such remuneration as is derived from Hong Kong may be chargeable to salaries tax in Hong Kong. A Mainland resident in respect of an employment exercised in Hong Kong will not be chargeable to salaries tax in Hong Kong if all the following three conditions are satisfied: 9 the recipient is present in Hong Kong for a period or periods not exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in any 12-month period commencing or ending in the taxable period concerned; 10 the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a Hong Kong resident; c)the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment which the employer has in Hong Kong. If a Mainland resident renders employment services in Hong Kong but his remuneration is paid by a Hong Kong employer, he will still be exempt from tax und er the IRO if his visit to Hong Kong in a year of assessment concerned does not exceed a total of 60 days according to the â€Å"preferential treatment†. Section 50 of the IRO provides the basis for the granting of a tax credit in relation to an item of income stipulated in the Comprehensive Arrangement and in respect of which tax has been paid in the Mainland. Example of calculation in the Arrangement is extracted as follows: |$ | |Total Hong Kong assessable income |200,000 | |Including gross income from the Mainland before tax |120,000 | |Tax paid in the Mainland |10,000 | |Tax rate in the Mainland |8. 33% | |Net income after tax from the Mainland |110,000 | | | |The effective tax rate in HK and the tax credit are computed as follows: | | | | |Total HK assessable income |200,000 | |Less: Deductible items | (12,000) | |Net assessable income |188,000 | |Less: Personal allowance |(100,000) | |Net chargeable income |88,000 | | | | |Tax payable |6,340 | | | | |The ef fective tax rate in HK: Tax payable x 100% | | Net assessable income | | | = 6,340 x 100% | | | 188,000 | | | = 3. 7% | | | | | |Net income from the Mainland after tax | | | (grossed up at the effective rate in HK)(Note) | | | | | |$110,000 x 100% |113,836 | |(100% – 3. 37%) | | |Less: Net income from the Mainland after tax |(110,000) | |Tax credit limit of tax paid in the Mainland 3,836 | | | | |Under section 50, the actual tax payable in HK is computed as follows: | | | | |Assessable income (Hong Kong) |80,000 | | Assessable income (the Mainland) | | | after deduction of tax 110,000 | | | Add: tax deducted in the Mainland 10,000 | | |Gross income from the Mainland before tax |120,000 | |Total HK assessable income |200,000 | | Less: amount not allowed as a tax credit (10,000-3,836) | (6,164) | | |193,836 | | Less: Deductible items |(12,000) | | |181,836 | | Less: Personal allowance |(100,000) | |Net chargeable income |81,836 | | | | |Tax thereon |5,538 | |Less : tax credit allowed |(3,836) | |Hong Kong tax payable |1,702 | | | | |Note: | | |Under section 50(5), tax paid in the Mainland which is not allowed as a tax credit can be deducted from the income | |Amount not allowed as a ax credit $10,000 – $3,836 = $6,164 | |Net income from the Mainland after tax $120,000 – $6,164 = $113,836 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lecture 1: Tutorial Questions 1. Mr Lee supplies you the following information in relation to the year ended 31 March 2012: ) He was recruited five years ago in Singapore by Multinet Ltd, a company incorporated and carried on business in Hong Kong, as the company’s regional manager. He was paid an annual salary of $800,000. During the year he only spent six months in Hong Kong as he was required to travel around Asia to carrying out his duties. By arrangement with his employer, his salary was paid directly into his bank account in Singapore from which he had money remitted periodically to Hong Kong. b) M ultinet Ltd operates a medical insurance scheme for all its employees through an insurance company based in Hong Kong. Under this scheme Multinet, as insurer, arranges with the insurance company to insure each employee against illness and related hospital costs. It pays an annual premium to the insurance company of $6,000 for each employee. Mr Lee paid visits to his own doctors and paid the doctor’s bill first, which was later reimbursed by the insurance company. The insurance company reimbursed him the total cost of $7,500. c) He considered that it would be productive to have a personal laptop computer for use while traveling on business trips. He therefore purchased a computer for $12,000. He used it solely for his employment. d) Before he was employed by Multinet, he was working with an international company incorporated in Singapore. All his services were rendered in Singapore. In March 2005, he was granted an option to subscribe for 100,000 hares at a cost of $2 per share. At the time of the grant, the market price was $5 per share. In January 2012, he exercised the option and the market price was $4 per share. In March 2012, he sold the shares for $6. e) Mrs Lee is a housewife and is living in Hong Kong. f) Multinet paid school fees amounting to $60,000 for the education of his younger son in Hong Kong. Under an arrangement entered between the school and Multinet, Mr Lee was not liable for the payment of the school fees. g) Mr Lee paid residential care expense of $60,000 to the residential care home situated in Kowloon Tong in respect of his father who is aged 64. He also paid $12,000 to his father. ) He has two children, aged 16 and 22. The younger son is the child as described in (f) above and the elder son is receiving full time education in Singapore. He has a part-time job for his daily expenses. i) Mr Lee lives in a flat owned by himself and his wife as joint tenants. During the year they paid mortgage loan interest to the bank of $130,000. Required: a) Explain whether Mr Lee is liable to Hong Kong salaries tax. b) Assuming Mr Lee’s income is liable to Hong Kong tax, comment your tax treatment for items (b) to (i) above; and c) Compute Mr Lee’s salaries tax liability for the year of ass essment 2011/12. Ignore provisional salaries tax. Note to students: distinguish between the HK employment and non-HK employment and apply the three factors to the case) 2. Mr Brown was employed by B Ltd as a sales manager for many years. B Ltd was incorporated and carrying on business in Singapore. Mr Brown used to live and perform duties in Singapore. In order to expand its market in China and South East Asia, he was assigned by B Ltd to work for two years from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2011 to in charge of the sales activities of the company in that area, including Hong Kong, at an annual salary of $1,095,000. In consideration of his taking up the two years’ assignment, B Ltd would grant him a share option (Option 1) to purchase 100,000 shares in B Ltd at a price of $3 each upon completion of the assignment. On completion of the contract on 31 March 2011, B Ltd granted him the share option and he exercised the option on 30 June 2011. The share price per share of B Ltd was $5 and $8 as at 31 March 2011 and 30 June 2011 respectively. On 1 April 2011, Mr Brown signed another contract with B Ltd for another two years with annual salary of $1,171,200. In consideration of the taking up of a new contract, B Ltd unconditionally granted Mr Brown another option (Option 2) to purchase 150,000 shares in B Ltd at a price of $3. 50 each when the price per share was $5. 50. Mr Brown paid $10,000 for purchasing the option. On 1 October 2011, Mr Brown assigned the share option (Option 2) to his colleague for $330,000 when the price per share was $6. Starting from 1 April 2011, B Ltd rented a flat in Hong Kong at a monthly rent of $35,000 for Mr Brown’s residence and Mr Brown was required to pay monthly nominal rent of $1,500 to B Ltd. In the year of assessment 2011/12, Mr Brown took a 5-day business trip to Thailand to be followed by 5 days’ vacation there. Mr Brown’s wife accompanied him to take the 10-day trip to Thailand. B Ltd paid $50,000 for each of them to a travel company for the entire trip including air ticket, accommodation, meals, transportation expenses, etc. The cost of the air ticket was estimated to be $5,000 each. During the following years of assessment, Mr Brown’s stay in Hong Kong is as follows: Year of assessment No. of days in Hong Kong 2009/1055 2010/11280 011/12200 Required: a) Explain to Mr Brown whether his income is subject to salaries tax for the year of assessment 2009/10. b) Compute the assessable income of Mr Brown for the years of assessment 2010/11 and 2011/12. 3(a)Mr Fong is a financial manager of A Ltd, a company incorporated in Hong Kong, since December 2006. In April 2011, he was posted to Macau to set up the financial system of a subsidiary of A Ltd. His salary is directly deposited in his bank account in Hong Kong. He returns to Hong Kong regularly and stays with his friends, as he does not have a home in Hong Kong. In the year of assessment 2011/12, he spent 58 days in Hong Kong. During the period, he carried some of the work with him from Macau and worked in the office of A Ltd for a total of 50 days. Required: Comment on the salaries tax liability of Mr Fong for the year of assessment 2011/12. 3(b)Mr Kam was having a non-Hong Kong employment before 31 March 2010. On 10 April 2009, he was granted an option (Option A) unconditionally to purchase 80,000 shares of his employer’s holding company at a price of $2. 00 each when the price per share was $3. 50. During the year ended 31 March 2010, he visited Hong Kong for 160 days for performing his employment duties. Starting from 1 April 2010, he was employed by C Ltd, a company incorporated and carrying on business in Hong Kong. He supplied you the following information for the year ended 31 March 2011: (a)Salary: $1,500,000 b) On 1 December 2010, he was granted an option to purchase 120,000 shares in C Ltd at a price of $1. 50 each when the price per share was $4. 25. He exercised the option on 20 March 2011 when the price per share was $5. 50. On 31 March 2011, he received dividend of $12,000 for the shares. c) Starting from 1 April 2010, he leased a flat at a monthly rent of $40,000 and C Ltd refunded monthly rent of $35,000 to him. d) Starting from 1 April 2010, C Ltd leased a motor car for the free use of Mr Kam. C Ltd paid monthly rental of $8,000 to the car leasing company. ) On 20 March 2011, he exercised Option A when the price per share was $3. 30. He sold the shares on 31 March 2011 when the price per share was $4. 80. f) He made cash donations to the Hong Kong Red Cross of $100,000. Mr Kam is married and his spouse is a housewife. They have a son aged 20 and is studying in a university in Singapo re. Required: i) Explain your tax treatment of items (c) and (d) above. ii) Compute Mr Kam’s salaries tax liability for the year of assessment 2010/11. Ignore provisional salaries tax. 4. Mr Pang is a senior management of a company in Hong Kong. Due to the Board of Director’s decision, Mr Pang’s employment was terminated immediately on 29 June 2012. When Mr Pang left the company, he received a total sum of $3,960,000 consisting of the following: a) final month’s salary of $120,000; b) bonus of $100,000; c) payment in lieu of notice of $120,000; d) compensation for leave not taken of $60,000 e) lump sum payment of $1,000,000 agreeing for not participate with the company’s business for two years; f) a further sum of $2,560,000 being final settlement between the company and Mr Pang. According to the employment contract, the company is responsible for the traveling expenses for returning to Mr Pang’s home country. In this regard, the company had incurred cost of air tickets of $80,000 for Mr Pang’s return to his home country with his spouse. Required: Advise the tax treatment of the above items. (Note to students: you have to consider what additional information you may require to determine if the income is taxable or not) 5(a). Mr Chan owns Property A and Ms Lee owns Property B. Mr Chan married Ms Lee on 1 September 2010. Before their marriage, Mr Chan and Ms Lee lived at their own property. After marriage, Ms Lee moved into Mr Chan’s property. Ms Lee’s property was still used by her parents as their residence. Mr Chan and Ms Lee paid the following home loan interest during the year ended 31 March 2011: 1. 4. 2010 – 31. 8. 20101. 9. 2010 – 31. 3. 2011 Mr Chan$60,000$84,000 Ms Lee$65,000$30,000 5(b). Mr and Mrs Ko lived together in their jointly owned residence up to 31 December 2010. On 1 January 2011, they separated and Mr Ko moved out to a rental accommodation. Under the Deed of Separation, Mr Ko would assign the property to Mrs Ko at the date of divorce. The date of divorce was 1 July 2011 and the legal ownership of the property was assigned to Mrs Ko on that day. They paid the following home loan interest during the year ended 31 March 2011: 1. 4. 2010 – 31. 12. 2010$90,000 1. 1. 2011 – 31. 3. 2011$30,000 Mrs Ko was responsible for the payment of loan interest during the period from 1. 1. 2011 – 31. 3. 2011. 5(c). On 1 March 2010, Mr Ma purchased Property D at cost of $4,000,000 with downpayment of $1,200,000 and the balance was paid with the finance of mortgage loan obtained from a local bank and secured by Property D. The downpayment was financed by a bank’s overdraft, which was secured by his personal guarantee. He used Property D as his residence starting from 1 April 2010. During the year ended 31 March 2011, he paid the following interest to the bank: Bank overdraft interest: $60,000 Mortgage loan interest:$56,000 Required: Compute the amount of home loan interest that each of the above person was entitled to claim for the year of assessment 2010/11. You are required to state the principles/reasons to support your calculation. [Note to students: refers to DIPN No. 35(Revised)] 6. Mr Chung is going to renew a contract of employment with his employer. The company’s director has provided him with the following proposed changes: | |Current benefits |Proposed benefits | |(a) |13 months salary per annum |12 months salary per annum plus discretionary bonus, | | | |depending on the company’s profitability and the | | | |employee’s erformance | |(b) |Company car (the car is owned by the company) |A monthly sum of $12,000 will be paid to him for his | | | |transportation | |(c) |Meal coupons from canteen |Cancelled, business meals to be reimbursed upon | | | |approval | |(d) |Medical insurance (the company participated with a |Cancelled, medical bills to be reimbursed upon | | |scheme for the employees) |approval, up to a maximum of 80% of the bill amount | |(e) |Monthly housing allowance of $20,000 |Cancelled, ren tal reimbursement of $15,000 upon | | | |production of rental receipts and tenancy agreement | |(f) | – |Share option for employees to acquire shares in the | | | |employer’s listed holding company | |(g) |Children’s education cash allowance, paid by the |Cancelled, a one-off lump sum compensation payment to| | |company directly to the school |be made at the commencement of the new contract | Required: Advise Mr Chung on the Hong Kong salaries tax implications arising from the proposed changes to the respective benefit items. (Note to students: comments on whether such changes will affect the tax liability) How to cite Hk Tax, Essay examples

Communication Skills Communication Tools for Information

Question: Describe about the Communication Skills for Communication Tools for Information. Answer: Brief background Communication is one of the most important elements that is requisite to share information, maintain a relationship, and manage the operational activity (Cornelissen, 2013). Currently, I am a student perusing degree in business management and that my future career orientation will be based on business practices in which marketing will be my core competency area. The scope of the present report is further based on the importance of communication skills along with rationale associated with the perspective. Furthermore, a perspective analysis is also made in conjunction with the strength and weakness of communication practices which will be reflective of my own competency skills with respect to professional practices. Communication skills importance in my professional practices In my perspective, communication is the most fundament aspect that is requisite for harmonious interaction as well as for the development of networking. The prime importance of communication practice is to articulate the message to the corresponding audience clearly. Clear articulation of the message in this context is indicative of the sharing information in a relative sense between the parties such that the associated meaning can be clear as well as presentable in a form that is easier to understanding (Claycomb Martin, 2013). For instance, from the perspective of marketing, it is a pre-requisite to explain the importance of product, dictate the advantageous prospect compared to other similar products, and to convince customer for making a buying decision. The mentioned example is related to communication with external members such as a customer. Another important aspect of clear articulation of vision is associated with the personal internal to the organisation. This includes cla rity in information transfer, shared decision making, discussion and combined opinion for the strategic framework, and collection of response or feedback. Collectively, the mentioned prospect of communication with internal and external agencies of the organization is termed as interpersonal communication skills (Perks, Farache, Shukla Berry, 2013). Likewise, framing trustworthy relationship is also an important aspect of communication practices. Personally, I believe that individual opinion is acceptable in a process only when the associated members have trust. In order to develop, gain, and maintain the trust with associate members, the communication scope must include clarity, honesty, and valuing the opinion of others. With proper knowledge of communication skills and tactics, it will be difficult for any individual to construct and foster active relationship at workplace properly (Gustafsson, Kristensson Witell, 2012). Impotently, in my opinion, anther critical aspect that is equally important for effective communication practices is listening. Personally, I believe that only a good listen can have the potential to render safe and maintain value prospect by virtue of communication that will be having optimal productiveness. Listening characteristics is mainly valuable as it will offer the opportunity to gain newer ideas, it promotes two-way communication, develops understanding and clear negotiation, avoids confusion, error, and misunderstanding, and frame a trustworthy relationship (Claycomb Martin, 2013). Other than having a patient for listening in communication practices also boost the morale of other parties, and hence they feel more informed and secure while being engaged in the communication process. Communication is essential for leading people Leading people denotes the requirement to manage the resource utilisation as well as responsibility sharing among the employees. Often during my professional conduct, I found delegation and responsibility sharing, a significant challenge in the process of task execution. This includes conflict of interest, limited availability of the resource, lack of proper or prior information, and fear with respect to competency level. Leading people in this regard is related to understanding the prospect of the employee as well as accurate identification of their potential. Based on my personal experiences, there are instances in which conflict and negative emotions become dominant in the workplace (Perks, Farache, Shukla Berry, 2013). For example, negotiation and delegation is an aspect that general conflict of interest among people, which in turn is responsible for deteriorating the standards of work outcome. Likewise, there are instances in which negative emotion tends to arise within the wor kplace, such as anger, frustration, jealousy, and anxiety. These factors can only be mitigated using the openness in communication and taking corrective action in time (Gustafsson, Kristensson Witell, 2012). Primers used to effective communication As per my own communication style is concerned, I have learned the use of a primer that not only facilitates a two-way communication but also offers value prospect in understanding and forwarding a productive message. The foremost requirement of effective communicating practice includes preparation. A necessary element in this outlook is related to clarification of communication goal and anticipating the viewpoints as well as associated feelings of the receiver (Beebe Masterson, 2014). Once the communication plan is complete, the next level requirement is associated with the effectiveness of message delivery. In particular, this includes expressing the meaning with conviction and relating the message to comparative larger goals. Note that confirming the understanding of another person is much essential in this regard. Likewise, as mentioned in the earlier section, listen is another valuable tool that increases the effectiveness of communication. I realised that keeping an open mind and identifying the key point of the message is critical in making the whole communication practice efficient. According to Brunton et al. (2015) collected feedback must be valued precisely, and the same must be used for the further constructive purpose. Lastly, it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of communication, and concurrent action must be implemented for bringing efficient outcome. Evaluation of my communication practices In this part of the report, an evaluation is presented that is based on my own communication practices. The scope of this analysis is based on my perspective analysis as well as the feedback collected from peers and teachers (Henderson, Cheney Weaver, 2015). The evaluation section is mainly focused on the strength and weakness, which are critical for future improvement. What is my strength in communication? The key strength of my communication lies in the use of evidence while making advocacy for any concerned topic. In particular to the marketing profession, it is much essential to convince the audience (customer and peers), such that they must believe and accept the advocated prospect. This impressive power will be appearing in the communication practice when there will be a substantial reflection of evidence (Mishra, Boynton Mishra, 2014). For instance, while dictating the market trend, it is important to show the market statistics, figures, facts that can shed a positive impact on the other party. Another significant strength is the use of accurate verbal as well as non-verbal manner during any communication process (Jensen, 2015). The verbal skills are associated with the use of precise words, jargons, addressing people correctly, and using proper sentences that can offer clarity of understanding. Similarly, the use of non-verbal task includes appropriate body language, eye contact, facial expression, use of hand motions, and eye movements. I believe that these traits are important as it reflects confidence in the communication as well as present trustworthy feelings afterwards (Rosemann vom Brocke, 2015). What is my weakness in communication? Particularly, when I use to be in tensed condition or full of anxiety, I was unable to maintain a proper tone in my communication. Accordingly, my body posture, hand movement, and eye contact also use to be in a disordered manner that in turn offer a negative impression to the other party. While discussing my weakness with my peers, they suggested that using openness in communication and making clear negotiation are the easiest tool that not only manages leniency during communication practice but also avoids negative feelings in the listener (Wallnfer Hacklin, 2013). Being a patient listener is another good quality of my communication practice While collecting a feedback opinion in conjunction with my communication practice, I was admired by my peers that listening patient is another important criteria that is responsible for my communication effectiveness (Jensen, 2015). Active listening mainly involves paying complete attention and avoiding interruption caused by external noise. In addition to this, the listening practice also helps me in identifying the concern of customers and thereby I use to manage requisite provision for maintaining a good relationship with them and making the transaction of professional elements. Failure to maintain authoritative style during conflict is my weakness The authoritative style mainly helps in retaining transparent negotiation which in turn is responsible for raising conflict like situation. Particularly, while managing the employees, I realise that there requires a balance between delegation and valuing of individual perspective. I have also noticed that I lack clear communication while making the negotiation in a conflict like situation, which is reflective towards failure to adopt the authoritative style of communication (Ruck Welch, 2012). Conclusion In summary, the present report is based on self-reflection of communication practices. I realised that use of proper approach while maintaining verbal and non-verbal traits in a communication practice is an essential requirement to make communication practice most efficient in terms of outcome. Other than this, effective communication style also includes patient listening, collecting feedback, making firm analysis with evaluation, and implementing into the course of action, for practical outcomes. Another part of the solution is further based on an evaluation of my own communication practice that sheds light on strength and weakness. Use of evidence and using proper verbal as well as non-verbal accuracy are my strength. On the other hand, failure to maintain a proper tone in communication practice is my weakness in communication practices. References: Beebe, S. A., Masterson, J. T. (2014). Communicating in small groups: Principles and practices. Pearson Higher Ed. Brunton, M., Kankaanranta, A., Louhiala-Salminen, L., Jeffrey, L. (2015). Are Strategic Communication Management Competencies and Personal Attributes Global? A Case Study of Practice in Finland and New Zealand. International Journal of Business Communication, 2329488415608846. Claycomb, C., Martin, C. L. (2013). Building customer relationships: an inventory of service providers objectives and practices. Journal of Services Marketing. Retrieved from https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/08876040210447342 Dated 02 Sep 2016. Cornelissen, J. (2014). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Gustafsson, A., Kristensson, P., Witell, L. (2012). Customer co-creation in service innovation: a matter of communication?. Journal of Service Management, 23(3), 311-327. Henderson, A., Cheney, G., Weaver, C. K. (2015). The role of employee identification and organizational identity in strategic communication and organizational issues management about genetic modification. International Journal of Business Communication, 52(1), 12-41. Jensen, R. W. (2015). The Role of Public Relations and Organizational Communication in Environmental Management. An Integrated Approach to Environmental Management, 277. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving Employee Engagement The Expanded Role of Internal Communications. International Journal of Business Communication, 51(2), 183-202. Perks, K. J., Farache, F., Shukla, P., Berry, A. (2013). Communicating responsibility-practicing irresponsibility in CSR advertisements. Journal of Business Research, 66(10), 1881-1888. Rosemann, M., vom Brocke, J. (2015). The six core elements of business process management. In Handbook on Business Process Management 1 (pp. 105-122). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ruck, K., Welch, M. (2012). Valuing internal communication; management and employee perspectives. Public Relations Review, 38(2), 294-302. Wallnfer, M., Hacklin, F. (2013). The business model in entrepreneurial marketing: A communication perspective on business angels' opportunity interpretation. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(5), 755-764.